Beowulf Society Essay - 1717 Words

Beowulf Society The earliest known manuscript of Beowulf is thought to have been written in the tenth century, however, the poem had most likely been told as an oral tradition for centuries before that. In fact, the poem’s events date back to the sixth century. However, because there is only one manuscript of Beowulf still in tact very little is known about the poem or its author. The poem does, however, give us great insight into the culture of the people who composed and told this epic tale. Because the poem was performed orally mainly between the eighth and tenth centuries, but dealt with subject matter of centuries earlier, it is difficult to decipher and separate the cultural context involved in the poem from one century to the†¦show more content†¦Only because Beowulf displayed no fear and used no weapon was he able to destroy this wicked force of destruction. The hero, Beowulf, is glorified more for his virtue than for his strength in defeating the monster. For those who displayed no virtue, despite their valor, the consequence was quite different. Ecgtheow’s son, who displayed no bravery, for example, amp;quot;had been despised for a long while, for the Geats saw no spark of bravery in himamp;quot; (75). The true hero of the middle ages managed to maintain a balance between his personal glory and maintaining the good of his people. As we see in later stories of this period, like the Arthur stories, this is a very delicate balance. Beowulf became a folklore hero because he maintained this balance well. He displayed personal heroism while at the same time keeping his priorities towards the safety of his people. Beowulf’s first attack on the monster Grendel displayed many qualities that were significant in a hero of that time. First of all, Beowulf was not called upon to save the Danes from Grendel. Instead, he came on his own accord, out of duty and principle. He took responsibility upon himself in a situation that required n one. The individualistic society did not require that an person remain part of the tribe, but rather encouraged them to seek adventure while doing good. Beowulf recognized his physical strengths and he utilized them for personal gain andShow MoreRelatedBeowulf Society1744 Words   |  7 PagesBeowulf Society The earliest known manuscript of Beowulf is thought to have been written in the tenth century, however, the poem had most likely been told as an oral tradition for centuries before that. In fact, the poems events date back to the sixth century. However, because there is only one manuscript of Beowulf still in tact very little is known about the poem or its author. The poem does, however, give us great insight into the culture of the people who composed and told this epic tale. BecauseRead More Epic Poem, Beowulf - Women in Beowulf and Anglo-Saxon Society971 Words   |  4 PagesWomen in Beowulf and Anglo-Saxon Society       Beowulf, one of the most translated and reproduced epics of all time, is literature that concerns characters. While Beowulf himself is the obvious hero of this Anglo-Saxon epic, many companions and fellow travelers are mentioned throughout the text. Some of these secondary characters are almost as noble and courageous as Beowulf himself, while others are lowly cowards. Be what they may, all are captured in this timeless tale of adventure. Women,Read MoreBeowulf : Portrait Of Anglo Saxon Society Essay2057 Words   |  9 Pages Beowulf: Portrait of Anglo-Saxon Society The Middle Ages in England began with the withdrawal of the Romans and the arrival of various Germanic tribes (the Angles, the Saxons and the Jutes), during the mid-fifth century. These tribes, which became known as the Anglo-Saxons, were composed of people from North Germany, Denmark and northern Holland, and took control of most of Britain, except for lands such as Scotland, Wales or Cornwall (Hindley 23). They brought with them the tradition of oralRead MoreThe Values of a Warrior Society as Seen in Beowulf Essay551 Words   |  3 PagesValues of a Warrior Society As Seen in Beowulf When Nelson Mandela, the president of South Africa died, thousands of people gathered to say their goodbyes. It was not a happy and joyous occasion but rather one where people were mourning of the loss of a great man. They may not have personal known him but they know of the great things that he has done to make the world a better place. To them, it is what made his death difficult and sad. However, if we lived in a warrior society his death would notRead MoreEssay On Shakespeare s Beowulf And Anglo Saxon Society944 Words   |  4 PagesRole of Women in Beowulf and Anglo-Saxon Society Beowulf, the hero of Anglo-Saxon epic, had many adventures, and many companions and fellow-warriors are mentioned throughout his story. Some of them seem noble and courageous, truly living up to the standards of their culture; some seem cowardly. But all have gained immortality in the words, many times transcribed and translated, of the famous epic. However, the women of the time are rarely mentioned in Beowulf. Still, even from those few womenRead More Role of Women in the Epic of Beowulf and Anglo-Saxon Society932 Words   |  4 PagesRole of Women in Beowulf and Anglo-Saxon Society  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Beowulf, the hero of Anglo-Saxon epic, had many adventures, and many companions and fellow-warriors are mentioned throughout his story. Some of them seem noble and courageous, truly living up to the standards of their culture; some seem cowardly. But all have gained immortality in the words, many times transcribed and translated, of the famous epic. However, the women of the time are rarely mentioned in Beowulf. Still, even from those fewRead MoreThe Role Of Government In Beowulf And King Arthurs Society1629 Words   |  7 Pages Although the role of the government found in Beowulf and in King Arthurs societies had basically the same functions (to protect the people from invasion and provide safety and order within the community), each government was set up with some drastically different ideologies. The ideologies that perhaps governed the formation of each government were defined easily by the time periods in which each work was written. Both governments describe leaders (Kings) who are honorable and kind to their peopleRead MoreViolence and Societal Change in Beowulf Essay1305 Words   |  6 Pagesbuilding block of society. A tool even; it helps shape and evolve society. For example, the Napoleonic Wars are described on the Canadian Encyclopedia website as having â€Å"greatly stimulated the export economy of the Canadas (Upper and Lower) and the Maritimes†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and that the result (of the wars) was responsible for the â€Å"development of the Canadian forest industry...† Violence (conflict) is necessary to producing social change and an improved society. The theme of violence in Beowulf is portrayed by theRead MoreAnalysis Of Grendel And The Novel The Land Of Stories 1051 Words   |  5 Pagescreated by the anglo-saxon society is removed the main antagonist in the classic Beowulf, Grendel, is revealed to be a tortured beast who is targeted by a religion crazed society. As stated by Chris Colfer in his novel The Land of Stories: The W ishing Spell â€Å"A villain is just a victim whose story hasn’t been told,† yet for many this lesson falls on deaf ears (9). For many Grendel is a thing of nightmares, a beast straight from hell that no villain can match. But when the society that villainizes GrendelRead MoreCulture And Values : The Epic Of Beowulf And Beowulf1260 Words   |  6 PagesAnalyzation of the Beowulf Epic and the Beowulf and Grendel Film The epic tale of Beowulf was written sometime after his death. In other words, a long time ago during the Anglo-Saxon period. Today, directors in Hollywood did not keep from creating their own rendition of this epic poem As a result, plenty of modern interpretations of Beowulf, such as Sturla Gunnarsson’s Beowulf and Grendel, have been released. Naturally, the cultural values that might be reflected in modern Beowulf renditions will

Mass Murderers A Diverse Group Of People - 1724 Words

Mass murderers are a diverse group of people. They are a danger to society and it is important to understand the wide variability among these people. The kinds of mass murderers revolve around two central types that branch off to several subtypes. The profile of a mass murderer generally contains a specific set of traits. These people are often driven by one of a series of different motives. In order to achieve their goals, mass murderers have plenty of different methods and weapons at their disposal. Inevitably, the discussion of punishment always ensues when the subject of dangerously destructive killers arises. The study of mass murderers is one that requires analyzing and profiling all of the components that make up a killer, from†¦show more content†¦Valentine’s Day Massacre†). Mission-oriented killers are murderers that believe they are cleansing the Earth, like the Boston Strangler who had presumed that the women he had killed were worthless. Similar to m ission-oriented, disciple killers are deluded in that they are influenced to kill by an influential figure, like the followers of Charles Manson. he last type of organized killer is the thrill-seeker. This killer is sometimes interpreted as disorganized as though they may plan, they often kill impulsively, like James Holmes of the Aurora Shooting who had been equipped like a pseudo-commando but had killed for the thrill. While organized mass murders are premeditated, killers can also be classified into the unorganized category which consists of disgruntled employees, visionary/missionary killers, and the aforementioned thrill-seeker. Disgruntled employees are killers that experience recent termination and lash out, like the workplace shooter Andrew Engeldinger. Visionary/missionary killers meanwhile, kill because they believe that it is the will of a higher power, like the nine assailants of the Paris attacks. Defining and categorizing types of mass murderers is a complex task as br eeds of mass killers branch out massively into several subtypes that each reveal aspects and insights like depth of planning, methodicalness, and drive. While types vary

A Marketing Strategy Free Essays

â€Å"Health is Wellness, Relieve Stress and Feel Better Today† is an adage that most people are adopting today to find relief from the stress and strains of a hard day in the workplace. More and more people are increasingly realizing the importance of exercise and mental well being in their daily lives. The growing number of people opting for memberships to health clubs and local gyms are an indicator of changing lifestyle and health awareness. We will write a custom essay sample on A Marketing Strategy or any similar topic only for you Order Now Unwinding in the gym at the end of a stressful day is catching on. The fact that people are well informed about the ills of an unhealthy lifestyle and the repercussions that it may have on the body is one of the major factors contributing to the mushrooming of fitness and wellness services across the world. High stress levels at work and multi-tasking roles and responsibilities assumed by an individual are weaning away the energy levels and coping abilities. These are some of the other factors that have led people to join the fitness and wellness centers. Exercising can not only help maintain weight, avoid health problems that infect millions in the world today, relieve stress but also infuse a feel good and look good attitude. A positive outlook to life and high energy levels to do things better are some of the side effects of following a strict fitness routine. The term wellness indicates the willingness to manage stress, a good health score, and a positive attitude to life. Moreover the gym provides a platform for social interactions that bring up the motivational levels for daily exercising. The gyms and spas that were considered a luxury lifestyle yesterday have become a part of the lifestyle today. The extra cost is not an important factor to those who believe in the wellness of the inner self. The health and wellness industry is a billion dollar industry having a simple product that appeals to all – a healthy lifestyle. Executive Summary The high revenue earning potential of this industry has offset many enterprises to launch healthcare and wellness service centers across the globe. Small local gyms to luxurious health resorts have paved their success stories by enticing millions of clients with their personalized health and wellness programs. The changing dynamics of the industry has redefined the health and wellness concept. The industry now offers a total image change to its clients who want an overall improvement in their looks and physique. The Company Background Health to Wealth Associates is one such facility located in the heart of the Kansas City provides health solutions and fitness regimes for all age groups. The facility employs well-trained, certified staff with fitness equipment catering to the wide-ranging consumer needs.   The company has invested in attractive interiors and latest gym equipment in a wide spread out area where clients can feel the relaxing ambience of the place. The facility offers – Spa and massage services Personalized fitness programs with personal trainers Exercising in groups for higher motivational levels Diet and nutrition plans Gym equipment for cardio and weight training The company motto â€Å"Health is Wellness, Relieve Stress and Feel Better Today† relates easily to the consumers and has helped tremendously in gaining popularity and attracting more clients.   The company has witnessed an overall increase of 6% in revenue earnings in the past five years of operation. The company endeavors to open two more locations in the next five-year period as part of its expansion program. Great location, high quality service from well-trained staff and an aggressive market penetration strategy has given this company a competitive edge over the other players in the industry. Market SWOT Analysis A SWOT analysis of the Health to Wealth Associates reveals the market dynamics that govern the industry trends. Strengths: Well-trained staff providing excellent customer service. The state of the art equipment catering to wide variety of client exercising requirements with personal trainers and fitness programs A well-designed spa with wide range of massages services with diet and nutritional counseling. Weaknesses: The facility can cater to only 30 clients at a time. The premium pricing of the services and membership fees as opposed to local gyms. Non-existent baby-sitting facilities for women with children. Opportunities: Plans for expansion with more outlets opening in different geographical areas. A well-planned brand positioning and awareness marketing strategy using advertising and publicity campaigns. Tie up with other leading nutritional supplements shops to entice the customers. Introduction of family-oriented fitness training programs to attract more customers Addition of baby-sitting facility or children’s play area. Threats: Local gyms and massage parlors offering services at cheaper rates. Entry of leading brands and outlets in the vicinity. Enrolling enough members at the onset. Getting a steady supply of qualified and well-trained employees. This SWOT analysis highlights the issues and concerns that face the company along with the competitive and operational advantages that will steer the company in its aggressive marketing and promotional strategy. Market Analysis A health and wellness center that offers holistic and healthy lifestyle and one that encompasses the three facets of health – physical, emotional, and spiritual is required for a successful venture. The rising attraction of consumers towards gyms and spas has inculcated a healthy lifestyle that has become synonymous with healthy profits in the industry. It has been observed that people are not averse to paying more for quality and personalized services in this sector. This is one of the most attractive elements of the industry – a high market demand and high revenue prospects. But the industry is capital-intensive. The high profile equipment and gadgets are essential capital investment items and cannot be compromised in terms of quality. The business requires substantial funds for start up though the returns are high. The key ingredients to running a successful venture is – Well-trained and certified employees to ensure quality service. An aggressive and effective advertising campaign to create consumer awareness and entice more clients. As part of its market expansion strategy Health to Wealth Associates plan to adopt the following strategy to penetrate the market segment: Employ health experts to counsel the needs and requirements of the clients. Rolling out membership schemes that provide the members with discounted services and free consultations. Introduction of guest passes that will enable non-members to enjoy the services of the facility based on their income. Promotional campaigns for healthier lifestyle using the company slogan â€Å"Health is Wellness, Relieve Stress and Feel Better Today.† Health and wellness workshops for promoting the client base. A web site promoting the services of the facility. Tie up with nutritional supplement provider as a strategy for client retention. Financial Projections The company has reported a 6% annual increase in revenues. Based on the last few years’ performance and the implementation of the above-mentioned strategies the company projects an annual increase of 10% in the revenues earned in the next five years. The company envisages an increase of 8% in the net profit in the next two years’ of operation. Conclusion The company should endeavor to capitalize on the growing fitness and wellness concept in the industry. Adopting changes in the service delivery, offering wide range of choices to the customer, and an aggressive advertising campaign to push the company’s products will lure the consumer senses. The essence of success in this industry lies in identification of niche markets, use of updated technology and strategic partnerships with influential and well-known brands in the industry. References: 1.   Living the Good Life – http://www.goodlifefitness.com/newsletter.aspx – accessed on 18th December,2007 2.   The ISPA 2004 Spa Industry Study – Executive Summary – accessed on 18th December, 2007 3.   How to Start a Gym – http://ezinearticles.com/?How-to-Start-a-Gymid=749346 – accessed on 18th December, 2007 4.   The menu of Spa Experiences   Ã¢â‚¬â€œ accessed on 18th December, 2007 5.   Gym Business Plan – http://www.briangreens.com/gym-business/gym-business-plan/ – accessed on 18th December, 2007    How to cite A Marketing Strategy, Essay examples

Business Activities of the Starbucks-Free-Samples Myassignment

Question: Discuss about the Business Activities and Operations of the Starbucks. Answer: Abstract The paper is based on the Starbucks corporations. Further, it talks about the goals and objectives of the company. It tells that how the company is conducting planning process in order to determine the long term success and growth within the organization. SWOT analysis is also explained in the report. Some implementation and suggestion have been given to the organization to maintain the sustainability in the organization. Introduction The report talks about the business activities and operations of the Starbucks. It explains the planning process of the company. The paper explains the SWOT analysis and it also describes the marketing strategies of the firm. It tells that how the company is overcoming on its competitors in the world. It describes that how the Starbucks is becoming a global player in coffee and beverage industry. The star bucks is an American coffee company and it was founded on 1971 in Seattle, Washington. It operates and manages approx 23,768 locations globally. It is one of the biggest companies in food and coffee industry. The company deals in various products such as various cold and hot drinks, whole bean coffee and tea products. In todays era, the company is increasing its revenue and profit day by day. There are approx 238,000 employees are employed in Starbucks (Tu, Wang and Chang, 2012). The main objective of the company is to provide good quality of coffee and beverage products to the customers around the world. Literature review The Starbucks is one of the biggest brands in the world. In 1971, the first Starbucks was started. The company is dealing in various coffee and food products around the world. Paryani (2011) said that the company has become one of the biggest coffee bars in Seattle. The firm is flourishing and exploring its business activities and operations day by day. Further, the company is recruiting and selecting potential and capable employees to do work effectively and efficiently. A wide range of human resources is used by the company to manage and control the business activities and operations across the world. Starbucks emphasizes and focuses on the level of satisfaction and morale of the employees. It is the biggest coffeehouse company around the world with 19,972 stores in more than 60 countries. Further, the company uses effective and unique marketing strategies and plans in order to meet the long-term goals and objectives of the firm. In addition, the organization focuses and monitors t he needs, requirements, and desires of the consumers in the global market. It analyzes and evaluates the various factors which affect the consumer buying behavior in the world (Chua and Banerjee, 2013). After the various researchers, it has been studied by the Hossain and Islam (2015) where they said that consumer behavior encourages and enhances the brand and reputation of the company. The branding strategies play a vital and crucial role in the purchasing power of the consumers across the world. Further, the company uses effective marketing mix strategies in order to generate more revenue and profits globally. Along with this, effective and unique advertisement and promotion strategies are used by the company to increase the sales of the products and services (Karman, 2015). There are various competitors of the Starbucks which include Costa coffee, McDonalds and Coca-Cola. The company is using social media to increase the number of customers in the world. As a result, the internet is becoming a significant strategy of the Starbucks in order to get connected with their consumers globally (Gopalakrishna, Victor, and Fleischmann, 2016). By using the internet and social media, the company is launching and producing new and innovative coffee and food products in the global market. In addition, the company is maintaining sustainability and corporate social responsibility to protect the interest of the shareholders in the world. Apart from this, the firm is focusing on the business ethics, rules, regulations and code of conducts within the organization. The firm is maintaining a good and reciprocal relationship with customers as well as suppliers. In this way, the company is rendering good quality of coffee products and services to consumers globally (Qian and Xing, 2016). Analysis of planning process The planning process of the Starbucks is unique and excellent. The company maintains a planning strategic management system within the organization to grow and expand the business activities and operations. Planning analysis is done by the firm to predict and estimate the competitors strategies and plans within the organization (Patterson, Scott, and Uncles, 2010). The firm is one of the biggest distributors of coffee products around the world. Starbucks focuses on the planning process in order to meet the long-term mission and vision of the firm (Gopalakrishna, Victor, and Fleischmann, 2016). The porter five model provides competitive advantages and opportunities to the company. Further, the company uses SWOT analysis to do planning effectively and efficiently in order to meet the course of action of the firm. SWOT analysis stands for strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. Through SWOT analysis, the company can evaluate and analyze the strengths, weaknesses, opportunitie s, and threats of the competitors across the world. The SWOT analysis of the Starbucks has been discussed below (Haskova, 2015). Strengths The main strength of the company is its strong and unique financial position through which the company is able to build and develop a good image in the market. Further, the firm is occupying various coffee and beverage stores around the world (Latif, Gulzar, Bukhari, and Sameen, 2014). It is the biggest coffeehouse across the world due to its large size and high volumes. Further, the firm has fixed the reasonable and appropriate prices of the coffee products. Starbucks is introducing new and innovative coffee products in the supermarket around the world. The firm is selling branded products globally to maximize and increase the goodwill and reputation. It is one of the biggest and strong franchises across the world with more than 6500 Licenses stores in the global world. Further, it provides effective and excellent services to its customers (Talpau and Boscor, 2011). Weaknesses Starbucks focuses and monitors on the US domestic market thus it is one of the biggest concerns of the company. Sometimes the company sells the products at high prices thus; consumers are not able to buy the coffee products in the market. It affects the success and growth of the company (Talpau and Boscor, 2011). The employees are not happy with the management of the company thus they complaints about the management of the Starbucks. In this way, various issues are faced by the company (Qian and Xing, 2016). Opportunities The company can introduce new versions of the coffee in the market. It can become the greatest opportunity for the firm. The company can diverse its coffee products worldwide. Rising and increasing consumerism is another opportunity of the Starbucks. It covers all the small cities and towns (Jianfei, 2014). Threats Threats of existing competitors in the coffee industry are the biggest threat to the company. Mainly, the prices of the products dependent on the government commodity rates. Global financial crisis is one of the significant issues in Starbucks. Recession can also affect the sales and revenue of the company. It affects the business activities and efficiency of the company. Through SWOT analysis, Starbucks can evaluate and measure the plans, policies, and strategies of the competitors. In this way, the firm can overcome on the competitors around the world (Farida and Ardyan, 2015). Suggestions and implications There are various suggestions have been given to the Starbucks corporation to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the employees within the organization. The company should focus on the quality and quantity of the products in order to increase the number of customers around the world. The organization must focus on the premium product strategy, product differentiation strategy to differentiate its products from the competitors products around the world. Along with this, the firm should focus on the growth strategy and business level strategy to increase the growth and success of the organization. Further, the company should focus on the packaging strategy to attract the more customers around the world (Latif, Gulzar, Bukhari, and Sameen, 2014). In addition, the firm must evaluate and predict the purchasing power, needs and habits of the consumers in the market. Further, the company must make changes in current e-commerce strategies and policies. Along with this, the company needs to implement corporate level strategies to beat the competitors around the world. It should maintain a sustainable human resource management in order to hire potential and capable employees within the organization. Further, the firm must analyze and evaluate the external environment of the company to gain long-term benefits and profits globally. Pestle analysis must be done by the company to evaluate the external factors of the environment (Morais et al, 2014). Further, the company also maintains supply chain management system within the organization. In this way, the company is able to explore and flourish its business in the universal market. Conclusion On the above discussion, it has been evaluated and concluded that Starbucks is the global player in coffee and beverage industry. It makes an effective and unique reputation in the global market. Effective and unique planning analysis is done by the company to gain the competitive advantages around the world. Further, various seminars and programs must be conducted by the Starbucks to enhance and increase the coffee and beverage products. SWOT analysis is done by the company to identify its competitors globally. Bibliography Chua, A.Y. and Banerjee, S., 2013. Customer knowledge management via social media: the case of Starbucks.Journal of Knowledge Management,17(2), pp.237-249. Farida, N. and Ardyan, E., 2015. Repeat purchase intention of Starbucks consumers in Indonesia: A green brand approach.Market-TrÃ… ¾ite,27(2). Gopalakrishna, P., Victor, R. and Fleischmann, D., 2016. Starbucks In India.Journal of Case Studies,34(2), pp.92-101. Haskova, K., 2015. Starbucks Marketing Analysis.CRIS-Bulletin of the Centre for Research and Interdisciplinary Study,2015(1), pp.11-29. Hossain, M. and Islam, K.Z., 2015. Generating ideas on online platforms: A case study of My Starbucks Idea.Arab Economic and Business Journal,10(2), pp.102-111. Jianfei, X., 2014. Analysis of Starbucks Employees Operating Philosophy.International Journal of Business and Social Science,5(6). Karman, M.A., 2015. The Impact of Social Media Marketing on Brand Equity toward the Purchase Intention of Starbucks Indonesia.iBuss Management,3(2). Latif, M., Gulzar, H., Bukhari, S.R. and Sameen, S.N., 2014. Starbucks sustained during economic crisis.International Journal of Accounting and Financial Reporting,4(1), p.307. Morais, U.P., Pena, J., Shacket, K., Sintilus, L., Ruiz, R., Rivera, Y. and Mujtaba, B.G., 2014. Managing diverse employees at Starbucks: Focusing on ethics and inclusion.International Journal of Learning and Development,4(3), pp.35-50. Paryani, K., 2011. Product quality, service reliability and management of operations at Starbucks.International Journal of Engineering, Science and Technology,3(7), pp.1-14. Patterson, P.G., Scott, J. and Uncles, M.D., 2010. How the local competition defeated a global brand: The case of Starbucks.Australasian Marketing Journal (AMJ),18(1), pp.41-47. Qian, Y.A.N.G. and Xing, T.U., 2016. Starbucks VS Chinese TeaStarbucks Brand Management Strategy Analysis in China.International Business and Management,12(1), pp.29-32. Talpau, A. and Boscor, D., 2011. Customer-oriented marketing-A strategy that guarantees success: Starbucks and McDonald's.Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Brasov. Economic Sciences. Series V,4(1), p.51. Tu, Y.T., Wang, C.M. and Chang, H.C., 2012. Corporate brand image and customer satisfaction on loyalty: An empirical study of Starbucks coffee in Taiwan.Journal of Social and Development Sciences,3(1), pp.24-32.

Metallica - S ; M free essay sample

Harps,violins and flutes usually arent the first instruments that come to mind whenpeople think of Metallica. On their latest release, S M, the bandexperiments with a new sound, playing their greatest hits with the San FranciscoSymphony Orchestra. Surprisingly, the combination works well. Metallica isnt thefirst rock band to try this, but succeeds where others have failed. Metallicasmusic is epic and symphonic to begin with, so the orchestra and the bandcomplement each other perfectly. Michael Kamen, conductor of the San FranciscoSymphony, said, Metallicas music is always a story. Adding an orchestrawas like writing a film score to that story. Recorded live during twoperformances last year, the double CD opens with the Symphony playing TheEcstasy of Gold, the theme from the film The Good, the Bad and the Ugly.Metallica joins the Symphony in The Call of Ktulu, an instrumental,followed by an amazing rendition of Master of Puppets. We will write a custom essay sample on Metallica S ; M or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The best tracks aremore recent Metallica songs, such as Devils Dance and The OutlawTorn. The older songs are far from disappointing. A new, theatrical feelis added to For Whom the Bell Tolls and One, and lead singer JamesHetfield shows his versatility from the high-energy Enter Sandman to thesoothing Nothing Else Matters. Although mainly a greatest hitsalbum, S M includes two previously unreleased songs. No LeafClover shows that despite Metallicas 17 years of writing music, the band hasnot lost the ability to produce an epic song, though listening to Hetfield growlout lyrics can be downright frightening on Minus Human. S M is much more than greatest hits; it is a good addition to any Metallicacollection. Some fans say the band has lost their edge in recent years, but thisCD is proof theyve refined it.

Generic Skills Focus of Higher Education Agenda †Education Research Paper

Generic Skills Focus of Higher Education Agenda – Education Research Paper Free Online Research Papers Generic Skills Focus of Higher Education Agenda Education Research Paper Prompt According to Jones (2001): ‘In the last decade, the concept of a set of generic skills, qualities and attributes that support lifelong learning has become firmly placed on the national and international higher education agenda.’Discuss the major factors which have led to such a concept being placed on the ‘higher education agenda’. Is there general agreement at a national and international level about what is included in ‘ a set of generic skills, qualities and attributes that support lifelong learning’? During the last ten years, the agendum of higher education institutions at a national and international level had been placed on by a set of generic skills, qualities and attributes that support lifelong learning. There are mainly four major factors which have led the concept of a set of generic skills being placed on higher education agenda, they are employment, government, society and higher education institutions themselves. Among the set of generic skills, there is a general agreement which support lifelong learning at a national and international level. In this essay we will discuss these major factors separately, then we will focus on to what extent does a set of generic skills that support lifelong learning can get agreement at a national and international level. To begin with, the most obvious factor in this case is employment. Because of the external pressure from employment sector, higher education institutions have to put generic skills on their agendum, otherwise their graduates can’t find satisfactory job (Jones, 2001). Employment sector can be regarded as customer in this case, and higher education institutions are entities that provide their products- graduates to the customers. For example, in recent years, many multi-national companies pay much more attention on their employees’ communication skills, because their employees have a variety of backgrounds, so whether they can express themselves correctly or communicate with each other without misunderstanding become a significant issue. To this regard, employers ask for employees with good communication skills, then higher education institutions put this skill into their agendum. In other words, most of universities nowadays have to make responses on their agendum as soo n as possible as long as employment sector make any changes about its requirements of future employees (NCVER, 2003). So, employment sector becomes the most obvious factor that promotes universities put generic skills on their agendum. Secondly, government is another important factor that put generic skills being placed on the higher education agenda. Recently, governments have a higher standards of its people in such a fast moving world in order to have highly responsible citizens (Jones, 2001), so governments require their people equipped with generic skills whatever their occupations are. At the same time, there are still some universities do not want to put generic skills on their agendum, to attract these universities’ attention, governments (refers to western and Australian governments in particular) provide funding and quality assurance that linked with generic skills (James, Lefoe, Hadi, 2004). These procedures, in turn, promote generic skills been spreaded among higher education institutions largely. As a result, government become another important factor that place a set of generic skills which support lifelong learning on higher education agenda, using grants and policies. Another factor that support integration of generic skills and higher education institution agenda is society. With the development of globalisation, the society becomes more and more competitive (NCVER, 2003), and employees nowadays have to compete with more competitors, maybe two or three times more than 10 years ago to get a good job. In such a fierce society or world, higher education institutions should try their best to equip their graduates with more advanced skills, or special selling points, in this case, they refer to generic skills. Therefore, universities are always ready to make any changes that relate to generic skills to their agendum, and inform students and employers about the changes as soon as possible. This can enable students make more informed choice on which university would suit them the best, universities can also promote themselves to potential employers (Fraser, 2001), thus increase their reputation. However, for universities which do not put generic skills into their agendum, it will be very difficult to attract potential students and get grants for their research projects unless they have very high reputation, like Cambridge or Harvard University, but such universities usually have their own generic skills been placed on their agendum. Consequently, the concept of a set of generic skills being placed on higher education agenda because of the competitive society. Last but not least, higher education institutions themselves also play a part in the process of putting generic skills on their agendum. Since they want to gain a higher reputation, they have to show that they provide the latest skills and knowledge, and their graduates are the best equipped to fit into future work places. So universities are always eager to make any changes that apply to their agendum, especially for generic skills, which is the focus during recent years. For those universities that do not have generic skills in their agendum, it will be very difficult for them to get a high reputation at a national and international level. So, there won’t be many students who want to continue their study in such universities, and governments won’t provide funding to such universities. For this reason, most of the universities put generic skills into their agendum for their own good. Although there are lots of advantages provided if higher education institutions put the concept of a set of generic skills that support lifelong learning into their agendum, yet some people still argue that there is no point for universities to do this. They argue that the pursuit of the goal of graduates with desirable generic attributes and skills, equipped to participate effectively in society for life, is either unrealistic (Kemp and Seagraves 1995; Drummond, Nixon Wiltshire 1997; Preston 1999) or a ‘wasteful chimera-hunt’†¦which ‘should now be abandoned’ (Hyland and Johnson 1998). Personally, I do agree with this point of view to some extent, cause we do not expect higher education institutions teach their graduates everything about generic skills, there is no point to do so, and also unrealistic. Universities can only teach their graduates specified knowledge, and some generic skills, graduates should develop the other generic skills through ever yday life. In addition, to what extent a person can develop enough generic skills is still in question, since everybody have different characters, moral and ethical standards, so what is included in a set of generic skills in different people’s point of view is slightly different. Therefore, even the higher education institutions claim that they have a set of generic skills in their agendum, we still can’t expect that every graduates from the university can have the same generic skills. There is a general agreement about what is included in a set of generic skills, qualities and attributes that support lifelong learning at a national and international level. However, the contents and name of the contents in a set of generic skills in different countries are slightly different from each other, yet they are the same in essence. For example, Jones (2001) categorize generic skills into four groups: 1. the acquisition of a body of disciplinary knowledge, 2. the critical understanding which comes from the communication, application and evaluation of a body of knowledge, 3. the commitment to ethical action and social responsibility, 4. a capacity for employment and lifelong learning. However, in NCVER (2003), generic skills are splited into 6 categories: 1. basic or fundamental skills, 2. people-related skills, 3. conceptual or thinking skills, 4. personal skills and attributes, 5. skills related to the business world, 6. skills related to the community. From these two dif ferent articles, it seems that there is great difference between what is included in generic skills at the first glance, but they are the same if you study them a little bit. For example, body of disciplinary knowledge in Jones (2001) is the same with basic or fundamental skills in NCVER (2003), and the commitment to ethical action and social responsibility in Jones (2001) is an equivalent to skills related to the community in NCVE (2003). Moreover, these two kinds of ‘generic skills’ all include lifelong learning in their contents, such as the fourth one in Jones (2001), and conceptual or thinking skills as it is so called in NCVER (2003). So, generic skills which have different names in different countries are basically the same, and they all support lifelong learning. To sum up, there are four major factors that put the concept of a set of generic skills which support lifelong learning on higher education institutions agendum at a national and international level, they are employment, government, society and higher education itself. In additon, there is a general agreement about what is included in a set of generic skills that support lifelong learning at a national and international level. However, I do think our expectation is too high on higher education institutions, because universities can’t teach their graduates everything included in a set of generic skills, so we should release some pressure from universities, and put it on to graduates, employers, and society as a whole. This maybe the future direction of generic skills development. References: Jones, J. (2001). Generic Attributes: an Agenda for Reform or Control. Paper presented at Changing Identities: Language and Academic Skills Conference, University of Wollongong. Retrieved November 29-30, 2001, from http://learning.uow.edu.au/LAS2001/selected/jones 2.pdf James, B., Lefoe, G., Hadi, M. (2004). Working ‘through’ graduate attributes: A Bottom-up approach. Proceedings of HERDSA 2004 – higher Education Research and Development Society of Australasia, Annual Conference: Transforming Knowledge in Wisdom: Holistic Approaches to Teaching and Learning. Retrieved March 2, 2005, from uow.edu.au.about/teaching/attributes NCVER (National Center for Vocational Education Research). 2003. Defining Generic skills: At a glance. Adelaide: NCVER Fraser, S. (2001). Graduate attributes and generic skills at Macquarie University. And Gladly Teche, vol. 1. Research Papers on Generic Skills Focus of Higher Education Agenda - Education Research PaperPETSTEL analysis of IndiaInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesMoral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New EmployeesResearch Process Part OneStandardized TestingMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductHip-Hop is ArtBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andDefinition of Export Quotas

Information Security Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Information Security - Essay Example However the use of computer simulations has certain disadvantages or limitations as well since it cannot be used for optimization (Introduction to Computer Simulation, n.d.). It is a tool that is generally cost effective for any organization and assists in exploration of new systems before building them in real (Heidari, n.d., p.5). The present study has been undertaken on a case study and its evaluation considering an organization and its internal process improvement that is trying to involve the computer simulation measures thereby trying to evaluate the risks and the security factors associated with the new system improvement. Objectives of the Study: Considering the case study and the organization’s incorporation of new system of internal process improvement through computer simulation, the following objectives have been decided for the study: To identify the resource used in the design process which is currently held on the internal network and that may be affected by the change from an ‘internal-only’ network to a mix of internal and external networks. To discuss the risks of the integrity of the chosen resource, if this resource was to be provisioned from outside the corporate network. To identify a technology, or process, that would help to protect the integrity of your resource as it moves from the internal to the external network and back again. Internal Process Improvement and the Design Process: As the case study reflects, the Internal Process Improvement team of the organization concerned has plans to make certain changes in their processes of development that includes the incorporation of computer simulation programs. This has primarily arisen from a penalty that the company suffered from in the recent times owing to missing a delivery that was necessary before flights. In order to improve the current status of working, the team has considered using computer simulation of larger parts of engine that is used in their project com pletion. In the present times, the company makes use of CAD or Computer Aided Design that produce the drawings of the engine containing all the wiring and electrical features (Rouse, 2011). However the usefulness of the computer simulations have been determined and realized thereby the system being attracted for incorporation in the organization. With the computer simulation trying to be considered, there are two possible ways to use the system- either by purchasing the compute resources, or by renting them from outside the corporate organization. Thus bringing the compute resources from the external sources might affect the current system of working that is based on the internal sources and might also increase the risks of security that are the major concerns of this study. It can be understood that with the advancements of technology and their uses in the organizations, the internal operations of the organizations are affected particularly considering the case where the organizati on plans to incorporate computer simulation techniques that has an up-front cost for the company and it is not possible for the company to avoid these expenses. Although there are positive effects of such external resources and technologies being used in the organizations, however, there are certain factors that might affect the internal operations negatively as well. In this case, the risks of secu

Employee relation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Employee relation - Essay Example A smaller survey done in the UK found 27 per cent HR professionals following the practice and a discrepancy in the popularity of the practice between media and finance industries, and retailers and charities (Peacock 2008). No legislation restrains HRM from considering the applicants’ information displayed on their Facebook profiles in order to reach recruitment decisions. Use of social networks for recruitment decisions poses certain issues. Firstly, there is concern over privacy of the candidates and establishment of limits on the employers’ interest in the job applicants’ private lives. Such vetting processes can be interpreted as invasion in the privacy of the job applicants (Peacock 2008) given job applicants do not scrutinize their posts and shared material on social media with an intention of having them reviewed by the prospective employers. Secondly, use of social media to reach recruitment decisions makes the employers vulnerable to the charges of discrimination (Lynas 2007) as the rejected employees might feel that they have been rejected because the employer did not approve of their race, ethnicity, religion, sexual orientation, or political views. This imparts a need for the employers to act responsibly and self-regulate in order to comply with the employment legislation. Retrieving information from job applicants’ Facebook profiles to reach recruitment decisions has negative connotations on employer-employee relationship. Employees are often unaware that employers are checking their social networking profiles as part of the screening process. Employers do so in order to find traces or evidence for what to them is inappropriate social behavior in the job applicants’ Facebook profiles. Laws guarding people against discrimination on the basis of race, age, sex, religion, sexual orientation, and other variables commence at the recruitment stage. An

Israel and the Palestinians (CASE) Module 4 Essay

Israel and the Palestinians (CASE) Module 4 - Essay Example The situation between Israel and Palestine involves the USA and therefore, the USA risks her acquisition of oil and other resources from the Islam nations (Palestine Facts, 2009). In order to deal with the threat of terror that Israel seem to use as an excuse to intimidate Palestine, the USA should make use of her Foreign Policy to negotiate or intervene the conflict without political or economic bias. It has been reported that the USA’s taxpayers’ money has been funding Israel military operations within the Middle East. Without a clear indication of which nation is instigating or escalating the conflict, the USA has chosen to support Israel in both military and financial resources (Palestine Facts, 2009). The USA has several options on how to approach the conflict between Israel and Palestine conflict. From historical background, the USA has been in record for getting involved in various conflicts between other nations. With regards to these interventions, the USA’s Foreign policy, which is supported by other nations such as the UK, has been a doctrine for maintaining peace among nations. In this case, as a recommendation, the USA should consider the merits of the Foreign Policy before providing support to Israel. The US Foreign Policy is a doctrine supported by the US Constitution and merited by various other bodies such as the UN. Thus, while the USA may not be directly involved in providing military supports to Israel, there are various levels of conflicts that the USA overlooks. Israel has been openly endorsed by the USA in terms of military to carry out anti-terror operations in Gaza Strip and West Bank. As a ally to the USA, Israel has boasted superpower status within th e Middle East due to her military prowess. However, if the humanitarian clause of maintaining peace around the world in the US Foreign Policy holds, then the USA should withdraw support for Israel in order to apply diplomacy in approaching the

Effects of Age on Economic Growth

Effects of Age on Economic Growth 1.0 LITERATURE REVIEW People today, live longer and often healthier lives owing to advances in various areas. It is a challenge to maintain and plan longer lives. Societal ageing hampers economic growth and issues such as sustainability of families, the states and communities capacity to provide for older people. A quick look at the recent decline in fertility rates combined with increases in life expectancy and strong evolution from past fluctuations in birth and death rates depicts a really significant shift in the global age structure. So much so that by 2050, twenty two percent of the worlds population will be over the age of 60 or a figure reaching almost 2 billion compared to expectations for year 2020 of 1 billion. As for citizens aged 80 or above, statistics predict an increase from 1 to 4 percent. It is undeniable that a countrys economic character will tend to change as its population ages since different age groups have different economic needs and productive capabilities. These changes can be measured by assuming a certain age-specific behaviour in relation to earnings, employment and savings and to assess the implications of modifications in the relative size of different age groups for these main contributors to the national income. However this tends to be misleading in the long run. Normally, changing expectations about life cycle and demographic shifts are likely to entail behavioural changes and thereby influencing economic consequences of ageing. One good example is an individual who expects to live longer than his ancestors who will continue to work for longer and therefore start benefiting his savings at a later age. 2.0 WORLD AGEING SITUATION Rapid reduction in infant mortality rates coupled with a dynamic fall in the death rate has resulted in a sharp rise in the proportion of older people in the population. This phenomenon of ageing population is fast becoming a worldwide problem. In 1950 there were about 200 million people above 60 years old in the world. This figure has risen some 616 million in the year 2000 and is expected to rise to 1.2 billion in 2025. A majority of them, about 72% of the total, will be living in developing countries. The projections indicate that the demographic transition will proceed much more rapidly in developing countries than it did previously in developed ones. The continuing fertility decline in many developing countries today is faster than the gradual decline experienced by the currently developed countries. In the developing countries, therefore, the pace of population ageing will exceed the pace in the developed countries. For example, it took France and Belgium more than 100 years to double the rate of the population over 60 from 9% to 18%. In Mauritius, the same change will occur in only 25 years. 3.0 Mortality and Life Expectancy We are ageing not just as individuals or communities but as a world. There were almost 500 million People aged 65 and above across the world in 2006 and that number is likely to reach 1 billion by 2030. An increase in the ageing population is more significant in developing countries, which is expected to rise to 140 percent by 2030. For the first time in human history, children under age 5 will be outnumbered by people age 65 and over. Life expectancy is steadily rising and the number of oldest people aged 85 and over is increasing. Chronic non communicable diseases are now becoming the main cause of death among elderly in both developed and developing countries. Some populations are going to shrink in the next decades. In some countries, the total population is decreasing simultaneously with the increase of an ageing world population. The growth of a very old population can have the following implications: 1. Retirement money and pensions will have to cover a longer period of life. 2. Even if disability rates decrease, health care costs are going to rise. PROJECTED INCREASE IN GLOBAL POPULATION BETWEEN 2005 AND 2030, BY AGE 4.0 THE ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL CONSEQUENCES OF POPULATION AGEING 4.1 The importance of age structure. Economic growth may be influenced by changes in population age structure. To analyse age structure, a life-cycle perspective is adopted, based on peoples economic needs and contributions during the various stages of life. The ratio of consumption to production is higher for the young and old people and lower for working adults. The key drivers of economic growth such as labour, productivity, consumption and savings vary according to where people fall in the life cycle. Labour and savings are higher among working adults than among those aged above 60. Declining fertility and mortality rates during the past four decades have significantly changed the age structure of the population. There will be a 23% increase in the proportion of the elderly population. The proportion of the population aged under 15 is expected to decline to 19% in the next four decades. The population of the Republic of Mauritius will continue to age. Both past and projected ageing is illustrated in Table 2. The elderly population will triple in the next four decades to attain 332,000 with more women (184,000) than men (148,000). Table 1 presents a summary of the projections and gives the evolution of the pensioner support ratio for two cases, i.e age of retirement is 60 and 65 years. Table 2 gives the evolution of the life expectancy. Life expectancy was quite low in 1950 compared to the present level. Life expectancy has significantly improved over the past fifty years and is expected to improve further in the future. 4.2 Social Security Benefits Social Security benefits and public sector pensions are among the sectors that will certainly be affected by the ageing issue. Nowadays, the composition of social security benefits is two-fold, non contributory and contributory. Basic retirement pensions of the elderly and the elderly invalids irrespective of their economic status are non-contributory benefits wholly financed by government. The actuarial report on the National Pensions Fund has drawn attention to the fact that future increases in the number of pensioners will make the financing of basic retirement pensions an increasing burden on resources. The cost of basic retirement pensions rose sharply from about Rs 2.3 billion in 1999/2000 and is estimated to be Rs 3.5 billion in 2015 and Rs 6.4 billion in 2035. Examination of the implications of the projected strain on government resources is therefore becoming a high priority. Assuming that the rate of basic pension remains more or less the same, it should be noted that an in crease in pension age from 60 to 65 would lead to significant saving to the government in respect of basic pensions. Tax revenues may also increase as a result of employment continuing between ages 60 and 65 but there would be no financial impact on the NPF as a result of these changes. Welfare services such as long term care and any payment (other than from the NPF) to the elderly out of the state budget which are likely to increase faster than GDP in future are other examples of financial implications of ageing on state budgets. The ageing of the population will increase the financial strain on the state budget in future as follows: Basic pension expenditure (all of which is financed by general taxation) is projected to increase by 75% in some twenty years and to almost triple by 2040 if present pension rates are maintained. Expenditure from the NPF is projected to exceed contribution income by 2015. Part of the NPF expenditure will need to be met by investment income, most of which is derived from Government bonds or loans. In the absence of corrective measures, the investment income required to meet NPF expenditure would be derived largely from taxation. Expenditure on public service pensions is projected to increase by about 80% in real terms over the next 20 years, that is , from about 11/4% to 21/4% of GDP; Expenditure on healthcare and social services for the elderly can also be expected to increase substantially over the same period. To ensure that the state pension system remain financially sustainable in future, many countries are increasing the minimum state pension age. In Mauritius, the expectation of life at age 60 is significantly higher than when the current pension system was introduced. There has also been improvement in the health of the retired population aged 60 above, thereby enabling many of them to continue to work. Provided they have sufficient financial resources many people might decide to retire from their main occupation before the state pension age. In these cases it seems reasonable that the individuals or their employers finance the early retirement. 4.3 BUDGETARY MEASURES In his budget speech 2011, the Minister of Finance commented all our elders deserve to live in dignity. The wealth we are creating today, the prosperity we are enjoying also bear the indelible footprints of their hard work. They must get their fair share. The government of Mauritius is preparing for the challenges of an ageing population and ramp up its support for our seniors. The Mauritian population is ageing .It is a new trend with new implications for economic and social policies. The government must provide for the changing needs such as new patterns of consumption and greater demand for health care. The government wants to make of Mauritius a society that can allow its elderly to live the high quality of life that they deserve. It is essential that Mauritius is on top of the issues of an ageing population and formulate effective policies. The second measure relates to health care for the elderly. A carers strategy and Action Plan will be prepared to address all issues relating to the need of our elderly population for carers Services. Third, the NEF will leverage on the high level of women seeking employment to train women in the skills and knowledge required to give care to elderly people. The training will provide certification and allow them to register as professional carers with the Ministry of Social Security and be given a certified carer ID. Fourth, the Cite des Metiers will open a section dedicated to facilitate our seniors in their search for carers and other services. Fifth, a new recreational centre for elderly, costing Rs 120 million and with a swimming pool, will soon be inaugurated at Belle Mare. Recreational centres are being constructed at Pointe aux Piments and at Riambel. Sixth, a get together Programme is being set up to give our elders who live alone and are on social aid the opportunity to socialize around a hot meal once weekly. Seventh, the government is extending the additional monthly allowance for persons suffering from incontinence to bed-ridden beneficiaries of Basic Retirement Pension aged 75 years and above. Eighth, to protect more the seniors from normal and regular flu outbreaks and from pandemics such as the HINI virus, free vaccinations against flu are being extended to our elders aged 60 years and above. Ninth, the government will invest in two low floor buses for senior citizens for outings from the recreation centres at Belle Mare and Pointe aux sables. Tenth, government is increasing the amount of income tax exemption for lump-sum on retirement and severance from Rs 1 million to Rs 1.5 million. For elders who have toiled hard in the sugar industry, the government is amending the Sugar Industry Pension Fund Act to allow payment of benefits to exceed two-thirds of final salary. 4.4 Accounting Effects If age-specific behavior in respect of labour supply and savings were fixed, labour supply and savings per capita would decrease with a rising elderly share of the population. Keeping all other factors such as productivity and migration equal, this would imply lower growth in income per capita. Peter Peterson (1999), argued that, global ageing could trigger a crisis that engulfs the world economy and may even threaten democracy itself. Alan Greenspan (2003), former U.S Federal Reserve Chairman has stated that ageing in the United States makes our social security and Medicare programs unsustainable in the long run. The European Unions Economic Policy Committee (2010) is more measured in its assessment of the threat: The ageing of the population is becoming a growing challenge to the sustainability of public finances in the EU Member States. The increase of the ratio between the number of retirees and the number of workers will gradually increase expenditure on public pensions and health and thus creates difficulties on maintaining a sound balance between future public expenditure and tax revenues. The retirement of baby boomers and the increase in the share of elderly in the population will create economic and fiscal stresses on the second decade of the 21st century. These demographic developments, if not offset by changes in household behavior and government fiscal policy, will reduce the number of workers in relation to the population needing support and lower the national saving rate. The result will be slower growth in national income and consumption after 2010. Aging-related expenditures are one of the fastest growing components of government expenditures. Over the next 40 years, the share of working adults will decline from 59 percent of the population to about 56 percent. The share of older adults (65 and over) will increase from just over 12 percent to almost 21 percent of the population. The higher costs of supporting these retirees will be offset partially by lower costs of supporting children, as the share of the population age 19 and under will drop from 29 percent to just over 23 percent 4.5 Future Labour supply After 2010 the population between ages 20 and 64 will decline and the percentage of people over age 65 will increase dramatically. These changes reflect the short run effect of the ageing of baby boomers while the long-run effect of reduced fertility and increased life expectancy. If labour force participation rates in each age group remain the same, the ratio of workers to retirees will decline sharply between 2010 and 2030. A decrease in the share of workers in the population means that, if all else remains the same, output per capita and living standards will be lower than they otherwise would have been if the share of workers had remained stable. The change in age composition of the population will reduce the share of workers and increase the share of dependent elderly. The increase in experience associated with an older workforce will raise average earnings and productivity per worker. With better health and increased life expectancies, one can expect individuals to work longer. As shown in Bloom, Canning, Mansfield and Moore (2007), the response to rising life expectancy is to increase the number of working years and the number of years in retirement proportionately, without changing period-specific saving behaviour. While a large set of factors such as increasing demand for leisure, general increases in wealth and difficult labour markets have contributed to low labour force participation among the elderly, social security systems have undoubtedly been a key reason for the continued low labour force participation among the elderly. Even if individuals decide not to work longer, increased life expectancies can be expected to induce increased savings over the working life in order to finance a continued high standard of life in retirement. As the elderly are healthier, they can work longer and more productively and place fewer demands on public resources. Businesse s can play a role in encouraging older workers to continue working, and they can in turn benefit from such workers experience and reliability. Allowing flexible schedules, offering ongoing training in new skills, providing wellness programmes, and re-allocating physically demanding tasks to younger workers are measures that can help retain the older segment of the workforce. 4.6 Consequences for Living Standards Labour supply adequacy is one factor influencing standard of living of the population. It refers to the ratio of the quality-adjusted workforce to the total consumption needs of the population. But not all people have equal consumption needs. For example, the government spends much more per capita on the over-65 population than it does on other age groups. Demographic trends will have adverse effects on economic growth after 2010, due in large part to the slowdown in the growth of the workforce and the increase in spending on age-related government transfers. But the effects do not appear to be catastrophic. The economy will continue to grow, even at a slower rate. Capital will increase considerably, even though lower national savings rate, as a smaller workforce requires less capital. Individual and population ageing are not gender neutral. Womens entitlement to goods and services over time is closely related to their work history, pension, property and inheritance rights. Old women generally occupy a precarious economic position, as they have accumulated fewer financial reserves than men, have fewer assets of their own and, more often than not, experience a weakening of their control over the family assets with the death of the husband. Poverty is a real threat to women as they get older. It is therefore imperative that any financial and social scheme developed to care for an ageing population should include targeted policies for the support of the elderly women. 4.7 Theories of Saving One of the most important theories of saving is the life-cycle model (LCM), which predicts that people will save in order to translate their fluctuating levels of income into smooth paths of consumption. Consumption implies that households borrow when young, save when middle-aged, and spend savings, or dissave, when old. The life-cycle Model assumes that people by death would have consumed all their wealth and that people have unlimited access to capital markets at a single interest rate paid by borrowers or received by savers. Given these assumptions, the pure LCM implies pronounced differences in annual saving rates by age, with consumption fluctuating with changes in permanent income but not transitory income. The private sector of the economy will account for a larger share of the nations saving in the future. Maintaining private saving in the face of potentially increased public dissaving will be critical for continuing future economic prosperity. While changing demographic may increase private saving, the government should also create appropriate incentives for private saving. 4.8 Influences on Public Savings Public saving is what is left of taxes after subtracting transfers, interest paid on government debt, and government consumption. Public saving is also government investment minus the budget deficit. Future public saving will be affected by the ageing of the population because major government transfer programs-social security and the health programs (Medicare and Medicaid)- disproportionately benefit the elderly. Danziger et al. found that the elderly not only do not dissave to finance their consumption during retirement, they spend less on consumption goods and services than the young at all levels of income. Moreover, the oldest old save the most at a given levels of income. At the same time, while their human capital and private pension wealth is being depleted, especially at the most advanced ages, the elderly face a complex problem of uncertainty about their health, life expectancy, and ability to maintain independent households. In these circumstances, they reduce their consumption to maintain their wealth. The problem of population ageing, which is a consequence of fertility decline, has become the new bÃÆ'Â ªte noire of development, replacing rapid population growth, a consequence of high fertility. It is ironic that population ageing and rapid population growth are two faces of the same coin: fertility. Both population growth and ageing have an adverse effect on savings, it is argued, as the young and the old are more consumers than producers, and thus dependent on the working population. The orthodox debate not only ignores the positive contribution that the old could and do make to the economy, but also fails to recognize the fact that there are other sections of the population, such as the unemployed, who are also supported by the working population. From a long term point of view, however, it is the working age and not just the working population that matters. Keynes and others argued that population ageing would reduce growth via its adverse impact on aggregate demand and inve stment, and not because of a higher tax burden and government expenditure on social security and pensions. The relevance of this approach to the current debate on ageing in its integrated view of the demand and supply or consumption and production implications of population ageing, in contrast to the orthodox approach which is primarily concerned with the consumption effects of ageing. The economic implications of an ageing population are intricately intertwined with the macroeconomic performance of a society over time. At the macro level it is the current output that has to pay for the subsistence of the population, young or old, at working age or retired. The current output, however, depends in part on past savings and investment. In other words the work and savings of the present generation provide subsistence and employment for the present as well as for the future generation. The benefits of growing national income and increased productivity will not, however, be distributed equally among the old whose claim on the national income depends on their accumulated assets, including savings and pensions. An economy which distributes its assets and income unequally over its working age population carries such inequalities into old age, thus creating a differentiated group of old people. This has to be taken into account in the setting up of national pension plans in order to prevent hardship among those old people whose poverty when of working age prevented them from saving for their old age.

The Use of Religion in Paintings during the Counter-Reformation :: Religious Art Artwork Catholic

Symbolism: The Way to Get Your Point Across â€Å"Baroque: Dominant style in western European art and architecture from late 16thC [entury] to mid- 18thC [entury]. Started in Rome, with the reassertion of Roman Catholicism in the Counter-Reformation. and then spread to northern Italy and other parts of Europe† as defined by a website containing nothing but art terms, is the time period that I chose to analyze how religion was used through paintings as ammunition for the Counter-Reformation. The Counter Reformation was a movement within the Catholic Church to reform itself in the midst of the Protestant Reformation. I am in awe at how we can look at something for just a short period of time and, in most cases, we can understand what is going on, or something hits us telling us what is meant to be seen or interpreted in a certain scenario. This process is called â€Å"thin-slicing†, as Malcolm Gladwell coined a phrase in his book Blink. In a very dark and some-what eerie painting—with the only form of light in the middle—that depicts a battle that has just been fought, the first thing that comes to mind is the thought of war and death. This painting can be found in the Lowe Art Museum at the University of Miami in the Renaissance and Baroque section. It is un-named and was painted by Giovanni Andrea Donducci, who was commonly known as Mastelleta, somewhere between 1611 and 1612. The historical time periods that do incorporate these two concepts prior to 1611 are endless. The fact that there is, what seems to be, a knight in the middle of the painting pointing to a city that is illuminated wearing plate and armor, it is deduced that this could be the Crusades. Upon further research, I have come to the conclusion that this image is most likely depicting the Crusades; due to the illuminated city, and the red flags, uniforms, and ornate pole arms, since the main colors were red and white. The Crusades were a series of wars in the name of God and Christendom, fought between Christians and Muslims, to claim the Kingdom of Heaven, also known as Jerusalem. The main symbol that is drawn out of these wars is God and Christ. The city that is illuminated in this painting could be Jerusalem and the people on mountain pointing towards the city could be the Christians fighting to reach the city and try to conquer it.